American Military Occupation of Japan (1945-1952) Changed Japans Term Paper

American Military Occupation of Japan (1945-1952) Changed Japans Political Institutions And Processes - Term Paper Example Japanese individuals strictly accepted that they were predominant, however when they began to believe that the Americans viewed them as mediocre animals, the contention has heightened. The assault in Pearl Harbor in 1941 and the nuclear bombings in Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945 were the major savage charges occurred between the U.S. furthermore, Japan. After the nuclear bombings, Japan has acknowledged its annihilation, and Emperor Hirohito mentioned his military powers to submit to General Douglas MacArthur being the delegated Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers (SCAP) in Japan. The American champions involved Japan from 1945-1952, and inside these years, the connection between the two nations was fortified. In 1952, the Occupation specialists have returned Japan to the Japanese individuals; in any case, they ensure that Japanese chiefs were at that point outfitted with information, commitment, and genuineness on their positions. In this manner, they were at that point fit for carrying the nation to progress and not to destruction. Source: â€Å"Australia and Japan† Figure 1 shows the GDP of Japan after the American Occupation. It shows that Japan and the U.S. have equivalent footings as far as GDP development, however there is an opposite of development on the twentieth century. As indicated by Hobbs and Dolan, â€Å"Japan’s exceptional relationship with the United States supported the economy long after the American occupation ended† (402). At present, the two nations are currently awesome companions and nearest military partners. Actually, Prime Minister Naoto Kan said that the entire Japan is really grateful for the U.S. enduring help, and he further recognized the â€Å"importance of the U.S. military nearness for the harmony and security of the region† (Ito). The American individuals additionally felt... The Occupation has made Japan a solid majority rule nation and its fundamental goals incorporate the â€Å"abolition of militarism and ultra-national associations in all structures; incapacitate and disarm Japan; reinforce law based inclinations and procedures in government†. At the point when the Occupation began to command the nation, the Westerners inferred that the change procedure would not be obvious on the grounds that individuals would not collaborate. Be that as it may, Occupation specialists have regarded the Japanese individuals; truth be told, they have been sympathetic and didn't manhandle their capacity to show to them that they were not adversaries, however companions who were happy to help. They have additionally underlined that they couldn't authorize anything to Japan without their endorsement and backing since popular government is about opportunity of articulation. In this manner, getting, regard, and participation have been shaped between the two nations. The American Military Occupation of Japan is extremely critical to the historical backdrop of Japanese individuals, especially to their political setting. The majority of the changes presented during the Occupation are as yet flawless until today; truth be told, these are the reasons why Japan has gotten one of the most evolved nations in the twentieth century. Additionally, it helped Japanese pioneers to recapture the trust and certainty of their kin, which was squandered during their acquiescence in 1945. Japan completely turned into an equitable nation under the American heros, which had opened the hole between the two nations and turned out to be close partners in military and political issues. The Japanese individuals are extremely thankful to the American’s impact during the Occupation, and the American victors have valued the people’s ability to acknowledge their destiny under their administration.

Competitive pushy parents Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Serious pushy guardians - Essay Example Be that as it may, a few kids don't feel charming when their folks request that they do anything without wanting to. In such cases, pressures among youngsters and guardians increment which disturbs the general condition of a family. In this paper, we will talk about how American serious guardians influence the desires of kids and how youngsters and instructors can manage the serious guardians so as to locate a center route between the desires of the kids and the guardians. How Competitive (Pushy) Parents Deal with Children Competitive guardians jam their children’s public activities with unordinary exercises, for example, play dates, infant yoga, and showing unknown dialects (Woolcock). Serious guardians manage their kids in an impacting way. Such guardians care less about the individual wishes and points of the youngsters and attempt to force their will on the kids. They are extremely inquisitive about the exercises of the kids and watch out for all exercises of the youngster s. Serious guardians additionally need their kids to be serious in all fields of life. Offspring of serious guardians are commonly bound to be over the top about their inclinations (Macrae). In America, the vast majority of the guardians begin exhorting their kids from the beginning times of their lives to buckle down for making progress later on. For that, they direct their kids to the way, which they think to be the most proper ones for the kids. â€Å"Parents are so restless for their youngsters to progress nicely, incompletely in light of the fact that their kids are a reflection on them †yet additionally they are very much mindful of the monetary realities† (Landesman). Now and again, the desire of the guardians conflict with the desire of the kids and the conflict happens. For instance, a kid needs to turn into an educator in future yet his folks need him to turn into a specialist or a specialist so as to turn into a decent worker later on. Presently, here the conf lict starts between the guardians and the youngster due to isolate perspectives with respect to choice of the most fitting calling. The outcome isn't ideal for the two guardians and youngsters unfailingly. Once in a while, plan of the guardians becomes fruitful when the kid becomes what the guardians need though once in a while the youngster isn't capable enough to meet the desires for the guardians, which brings about the instructive and expert disappointment of the kid. â€Å"The parent who is pleased when a posterity accomplishes what is esteemed to be of significant worth and embarrassed when they fall flat is a well established predicament† (Meakins). The difficulty is that, if there should arise an occurrence of disappointment, guardians begin reprimanding the youngsters for not reading hard for achievement in the chose field of study. Notwithstanding, in all actuality, disappointment isn't a shortcoming of the youngsters in light of the fact that each kid has a differe nt mentality and the individual in question chooses the field of study dependent on the individual intrigue. â€Å"Parents are as often as possible urged to assume a full job in their kids' education† (Young). In any case, when guardians attempt to compel the kids to contemplate what the guardians need, it gets hard for the kids to coexist with the desire of the guardians appropriately on the grounds that they are not generally skilled enough for that. Serious or pushy guardians not simply power the kids in the field of studies however they likewise attempt to impact the extra curricular exercises, interests, and side interests of the youngsters. Pushy guardians need to make their kids serious in each field of life. For that, they attempt to

Small But Effective Ways To Promote Your Business

Small But Effective Ways To Promote Your Business Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!Small But Effective Ways To Promote Your BusinessUpdated On 18/11/2019Author : Ram kumarTopic : BloggingShort URL : https://hbb.me/330qTbw CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogRunning your own business is challenging and complicated enough. You’re trying to do your best, keep working overtime, make your customers and employees satisfied. No one but you can really see how much you have on your plate. No one but you has to remember about every single deadline, meeting, and email to reply. You’re trying to do as much as possible all by yourself because no one else can do it better. All of us, entrepreneurs, have been there.Even though you’re doing all you can, your business seems to be stuck at one point, and there don’t come as many new possible customers as earlier. If you’re out of ideas for what you could do better, here are a couple of simple and effective mark eting strategies that will boost your company’s visibility.The Power of CoffeeCoffee houses became real temples of these days. We need and we cherish caffeine every day. In the subway to work or school, you can see more and more people for whom coffee-to-go became a permanent part of their morning ritual. As an entrepreneur, you can easily use this trend as an advertisement tool for designing your custom coffee sleeves.When someone is eating or drinking something next to us, we naturally take a look at the packaging. Especially if it’s untypical and well-designed. Smelling coffee at a tram station makes us hungry for caffeine and we start looking for the source of this devine smell. The moment our tired morning sight detect the source â€" let it be a person sipping coffee from their cup-to-go in this case â€" we analyse the design of the cup in search for any name and logo on it. It’s a completely effortless and effective marketing method.Choosing the right marketing tools for your business is also a kind of both environmental and social responsibility. Advertising industry definitely is contributing to the increased production of waste. That’s why it’s good to get to know the work philosophy of a marketing company or a printery before making the ultimate decision. You can find specialised print shops on the market that offer cup sleeve prints on recycled paper exclusively!Linen Business Cards? Why not!A couple of months ago we spoke to the owner of a small private school of foreign languages. After having a short but very inspiring conversation, we wanted to make the ritual business card exchange. Surprisingly, they didn’t have one! Instead of an elegant, carefully designed card we got a linen tote bag with their company’s name and logo.READShould Your Blog Have A Forum?Not only did they offer us a really practical and tasteful advertising gadget but also made a significant statement through this gesture.They went upstream and despite everything that the fellow entrepreneurs were saying they decided not to produce traditional business cards. Apparently, potential clients keep responding very well for this form of eco-friendly advertisement.There are more and more online print shops that offer good quality organic and fair trade textiles for your custom prints, e.g. 100% cotton t-shirts, and various different accessories like tote bags, towels and pillow cases. An important tip: make sure to choose a company that uses non-toxic, water-based ink to print! If you can’t find such information on their website, ask them â€" they are obliged to inform you!Spread Your KnowledgeLectures, workshops and internships organised by your company are a unique opportunity for you to let the world see you from a completely unexpected perspective. Sharing your knowledge and explaining your skills of an entrepreneur is also a kind of a valuable marketing tool! Free well-designed gadgets and aesthetic business cards may be the first step to m ake your work visible but don’t stop there.If there are no networking meetings in your area â€" roll up your sleeves and make one happen! Don’t wait for invitations from others. Ask culture centres and schools in the neighbourhood if they’d like to host your professional workshops. The success won’t come to you itself. Combine the passive way of advertising (tote bags, posters, facebook ads, etc.) with a fully active and educative marketing approach. You’ll see the effects immediately!Passion Is The KeyIt doesn’t matter how expensive and impressive your advertising will be if you don’t have a candid passion for what you do. You won’t fool anyone with a colourful mask you put on to make yourself visible. Look for the perfect balance of promoting your business.Take proper care of the visual ads aspects but don’t settle on the short term effects of it. Think ahead, keep developing yourself, educate others, and share your goals and the love to your work with others.Thi s way your business will stay afloat naturally and it’ll draw people’s attention and trust automatically. With passion, honesty, and hard work you will help your company reach completely new heights!

Immediate and Far Reaching Effects of the Slave Trade...

Essay 1 The trans-Atlantic slave trade set in motion a series of events that ultimately crippled a continent, and forever change how those of African descent became viewed around the world. The effects of the slave trade were both immediate and far reaching. In this essay I will discuss a few of the immediate effects of the slave trade as well as some of it farther reaching consequences. One of the most impactful immediate effects of the slave trade was the effect it had on the population of West Africa. In class, we discussed how the original targets of the slave trade were typically young males. Because of the rapid drop in the male populations, the women of West Africa had fewer men to reproduce with and the population quickly†¦show more content†¦These ideas of superiority such as social Darwinism gave slave owners the resolve to believe that they could do whatever forms of brutality they desired to their slaves. The effects of this belief system are still felt in modern times c enturies later and has alter the very perceptions that modern people have of people of African descent. These perceptions can take the form of phobic like fears, beliefs of intellectual inferiorities, and pity of African descent peoples. Another immediate effect that would go on to have far reaching consequences was the identity that African people would form in the Americas. In class we learned and discussed how to outsiders such as the Europeans, Africa was like one big country full of people who were culturally the same. In reality, nothing could have been farther from the truth. When Africans were enslaved, they came from many different peoples with different cultures and languages. These differences served to create barriers amongst the Africans who could only have been even more disoriented. Once they arrived to the Americas, the kinship network that many depended on in Africa was gone. To try and regain a network, slaves often viewed their shipmates as their new kin, going so far as to forbid shipmates from marrying one another because they were now each other’s family. In time and with effort from their owners, slaves also began toShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Toni Morrison s 12 Years A Slave Directed By Steve Mcqueen2431 Words   |  10 PagesFinal Paper ENG 443 December 5, 2014 Dr. Commander Both Beloved by Toni Morrison and 12 Years a Slave directed by Steve McQueen are neo-slave narratives. Neo-slave narratives focus on black humanity and the interiority of black lives. These neo-slave narratives explore the immediate after effects of slavery and how it presently impacts the people that were involved. Bernard Bell first identified neo-slave narratives as â€Å"residually oral, modern narratives of escape from bondage to freedom† (Li). AlthoughRead MoreSlavery Is Like An Electric Fence1776 Words   |  8 Pagesrather particular as the demand for slaves, and by extension slave labour, developed later than in other regions already dependent on forced labour in the plantations. The purpose of this paper is to offer a comparative critical review of two articles, which examined slavery and its abolition in Puerto Rico during the 19th century. Through a comparative analysis about the causes and effects of the abolition in Puerto Rico presented in Freedom in the makin g: the slaves of hacienda La Esperanza, Manatà ­Read MoreApush Terms Chapter 1 a People and a Nation Essay examples4705 Words   |  19 PagesCity of the Sun (now called Cahokia), near modern St. Louis. Located on rich farmland close to the confluence of the Illinois, Missouri, and Mississippi Rivers, Cahokia, like Teotihuacà ¡n and Chaco Canyon, served as a focal point for both religion and trade. At its pea (in the eleventh and twelfth centuries C.E.), the City of the Sun covered more than 5 square miles and had a population of about twenty thousand—small by Mesoamerican standards but larger than any other northern community, and larger thanRead MoreThe Sectional Crisis And The Compromise Of 18502305 Words   |  10 PagesSectional Crisis and the Compromise of 1850. In particular, the Compromise of 1850 is deceivingly taught as only establishing 3 pivotal elements: the status of slavery in future territories (popular sovereignty), California statehood, and the fugitive slave law. Granted these elements of the compromise provide a great amount of controversy long after their birth, but one element of the compromise perceives to fail in obtaining recognition. The Texas-New Mexico boundary resolution seems to find itselfRead MoreSixteen Most Significant Events in U.S. History between 1789 to 19756920 Words   |  28 Pagesthe regions of California, Nevada and Utah, and parts of Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, and Wyoming. However, the significant result of the war on United States history would be the controversy over whether the territories acquired should be slave or free. The country, at this time, was divided between proslave sentiment in the South and antislave sentiment in the North. Various attempts at compromise to settle the controversy, such as The Compromise of 1850 and the Kansas Nebraska ActRead MoreColumbus vs. Hitler3500 Words   |  14 Pagesas before. At a time when European expansionism was begging to take shape war and genocide were prevalent. When Columbus set sail for Asia with the intent of establishing a trade monopoly between the vibrant culture of Asia and Spain and discovered the New World, along with it came the discovery of the Indians and a new trade and labor opportunity began to take place. Columbus discovery of the New World has been controversial. There are those who wish to honor him and therefore feel that the accusationsRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution and Its Impact on Family Life and Women2656 Words   |  11 Pageseconomical, social and cultural revolution. These revolutions has had complex and long lasting impacts on people’s lives, one revolution that has forever changed history is the Industrial Revolution. The term revolution is defined as a drastic and far-reaching change in ways of thinking and behaving. The Ind ustrial revolution was a cultural revolution that impacted people’s lives forever. The Industrial revolution was a change that was much needed and it had many factors that helped to bring it aboutRead More Comparing Karl Marx and John Stuart Mill Essay4553 Words   |  19 Pagesworld as we further embrace liberal democracy. Despite these divergent paths which arise from differing views on the driving force of history, both systems aim to rescue the supreme interest of our individual humanity-for Marx, this interest lies in reaching absolute prosperity for the material man, and for Mill, it lies in the search for absolute truth for the idealistic man. With its emphasis on individuality and diversity, Mills theory is in a sense more encompassing than Marxs. Mills theory, howeverRead MoreImpact of Globalization and Bangladesh18126 Words   |  73 Pagesas, the World Bank (WB), International Monetary Fund (IMF), and the World Trade Organization (WTO) in setting the rules under which globalization is played, has placed developing countries in a much disadvantageous po sition vis-à  -vis the developed countries. However, a closer look at the globalization will show that it has both positive and negative impacts on the economy of Bangladesh. A thorough understanding of the effect of globalization is needed to use its advantages to improve her economy.Read MoreReconstruction : The Burning Years10732 Words   |  43 PagesRECONSTRUCTION: THE BURNING YEARS. (Music) D.G.: Good evening. My name is Dan Gorman. Like many of you, I didn’t learn much about Reconstruction in high school. I had a wonderful teacher who did much to show the nuances of American history, such as the effects of states’ rights and slavery on the Civil War. Still, my teacher, along with the A.P. exam, the state curriculum, and our textbooks, moved quickly past Reconstruction. I assumed that, aside from the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments and some Ku

The Underground Railroad The Declaration Of Independence

The Underground Railroad The Declaration of Independence states all men are created equal, sadly in America that was not true. It was legal in America to own a person. In The Underground Railroad In American History, Kem Knapp Sawyer states that the number of slaves in the South had gone from 1,519,017 in 1820 to almost 4 million in 1860. Araminta Ross was one of those people. She was born a slave, beaten, abused and forced to work for her owners. Her life and her families’ life was extremely hard. The Fugitive Slave Act in America stated that a slave could be captured and returned from a free state and helping slaves escape was a crime. A History Of US War, Terrible War 1855-1865 tells us that Abraham Lincoln saw this as a moral issue and thought that black people were entitled to all the rights listed in the Declaration of Independence including right to life, liberty and pursuit of happiness. Marshall and Manuel point out in Sounding Forth The Trumpet that escapin g slaves had one thing working for them, brave men and women of different races who were willing to risk their own freedom for the sake of the runaways. Dred Scott, a slave, had lived several years in Wisconsin, a free state and sued his owner Irene Emerson, for his and his wife’s freedom. They were now in Missouri a slave state. He said that having lived in a free state made him a free man. A History Of Us Liberty For All we read what Chief Justice Roger Taney said in his majority opinion in theShow MoreRelatedEssay on Slavery, Womens Rights and Inequality in America1540 Words   |  7 PagesAmerica by far is the most diverse country on the face of the earth. America today is known for freedom, equality, democracy, and a defender against tyranny. The foundation of American values lay in a belief of independence, nationalism, capitalism, and religion. However, many conflicts have arisen over these values in the past. Capitalism and other characteristics have made America great, but they have brought about their own set of inequalities. Those inequalities have deep roots in race, cultureRead MoreThe Black And The White, Th e Rich And Poor, And Men And Women1203 Words   |  5 Pagestake many actions to overcome the inequality. By using race, gender, and social class issues, certain groups, who focused on the ideas of expansion, could gain rights and privilege and, at the same time, limited the rights of others. The Declaration of Independence was proclaimed by the Congress on July 4, 1776 (Zinn, 71). After the colonists gained victory over British, freedom and liberty were gained. However, these rights were not applied to everyone in America. African Americans, Native AmericansRead MoreA Special, Imaginative Train in Langston Hughes Poem, Freedom Train677 Words   |  3 Pagesas a metaphor was because of the Underground Railroads. When you think of African Americans and freedom, you also think of the Underground Railroads because in the history of how African American’s they gained freedom revolves around the railways and how they had to cross it to enter the â€Å"land of the free† in which most of them where caught and massacred. The poem, Freedom Train is an historical allusion and On board the train were the Declaration of Independence, Bill of Rights, and a draft ofRead MoreSlavery During American History Slave962 Words   |  4 Pagesher husband, children, and other family member fled slavery in northern Kentucky by crossing the frozen Ohio river to Cincinnati In January 1856. Margaret, her family and several others resist the system by running to the North through the underground railroad in order cheat the system and become free. Sadly for them because of the Fugitive Slave Act, such cheat makes it almost impossible for becoming free by fleeing to the North almost impossible. Then the Slave catcher and U.S. Marshal found theRead MoreEssay on Underground Railroad: Freedom Fighters or Criminals?2079 Words   |  9 Pages The Underground Railroad was one of the most pivotal movements in American history with both sides of the debate pointing to it’s impact in pushing the nation towards Civil Wa r. The Railroad’s admirers glorify it as one of the proudest moments in American History, an example of the weak standing up to the powerful, an active refusal to acknowledge the legitimacy of odious and sinful laws that stated that one man could be the property of another. The enemies of the Underground Railroad felt itRead MoreThe Early Life Of Elizabeth Cady Stanton866 Words   |  4 Pageslegislature. Her father was a member of the New York state legislature, U.S. House of Representatives and after 1847 became a member of the Supreme Court of New York State. During the 1830’s Elizabeth’s cousin Gerrit Smith home was stationed on the Underground Railroad, and listening to the experiences of fugitive slaves made a lasting impression. Elizabeth met her husband Henry Stanton at a meeting about antislavery, he was a public speaker who often spoke out against slavery to hostile crowds, often timesRead MoreThe American Civil War1374 Words   |  6 PagesThe American Civil War, also known as the Civil War, lasted from 1861 to 1865. The war was to determine the survival of the union, or independence for the confederate states. Some would argue that slavery was the principle cause of the war. After much research, I believe the war started because of the misunderstandings, and conflicts between the North and South. Slavery, however, was one of the main purposes. The North and South had economic and social differences causing many disagreements. TheyRead MoreThe American Civil War Was Inevitable Essay1641 Words   |  7 Pagescontr ibuted to the nation’s economic growth because factory workers actually produced twice as much of labor as agricultural workers. Steam engines would be a source of energy and while coal was cutting prices in half actually created more factories, railroads for transportation, and ships which also gave a rise in agricultural productivity. As for the South, they were a one-crop economy, which then depended on slavery in order to have a considerable amount of profit. The cheap labor will highly benefitRead MoreHow free were Blacks in North943 Words   |  4 Pagesrunning to the free lands of so called â€Å"equality.† Many took a route called the Underground Railroad to the North lands. People thought that the North was free and equal but wasn’t so. The outcome of ex-fugitive slaves in the North wasn’t great. Through segregation and inequality, the blacks were restricted in North. They had no political freedom or the right to vote or be in politics. The freedom of sociality and independence or social freedom. The freedom of business and work of such trade as economicRead MoreEssay on Political Debate of Slavery1209 Words   |  5 PagesDouglass both started campaigning for the election of 1860. The invasion of Lawrence was avenged by a man named John Brown. He took a group of his son and killed many. John Brown was a conductor of the Underground Railroad and an abolitionist. He felt this divine calling to work the Underground Railroad. He felt so passionately about slavery that his reaction to the pro-slavery movement was to gather a group of abolitionist to Harper’s Ferry. In 1860, Brown tired to inspire a slave-revolt at Harper’s

The Confessions, Book Xi Time And Eternity - 2932 Words

THY 600 Research Paper Joe Stocker Augustine s Confessions, Book XI: Time and Eternity Augustine s Confessions is a series of complex books that he compiled to elucidate his relationship with an all-powerful, all-knowing and all-loving God who is also the Creator of all things. Confessions recapitulates that those who have commenced their return to God must acknowledge their state before God so that He might set them free. It should be mentioned that Chan and Outler each point out that the word confessions has a two fold meaning.1 It refers to knowledge of the truth about the self – in Augustine s situation, his confessing his sins. The word confiteri also means to declare to God the truth one knows about God. Here the meaning is give honor, praise and glory to God. To confess is a practice in self-discernment and true humility in an environment of grace and atonement. The first ten books in the series of thirteen relate to an examination of Augustine himself. Tellingly, in Book IX, he raises the question, â€Å"Who am I?†2 Starting with Book XI and through Book XIII, he raises a kindred question, â€Å"What is time?† (reprised as â€Å"What then is time?† 3 Augustine s desire was to achieve God s â€Å"rest† so that he might be capable to fully consider the God he had come to know vaguely through his momentary experiences. He craved a stability between his soul and God which was constantly disrupted by his temporal experiences. In Confessions Books XI – XIII, Augustine ceasedShow MoreRelatedWhat Challenges Face Descriptions Of God1568 Words   |  7 PagesWhat challenges face descriptions of God, according to Augustine in Confessions and De Trinitate? Augustine of Hippo is writing at the turn of the 4th and 5th centuries. The two primary texts which we will consider in this essay are both classic expositions of Augustinian theology and philosophy, however the style of writing found in each is rather different. Confessions addresses God directly in the second person, while De Trinitate appeals more to the reader. These are both written by the bishopRead MoreThe Doctrine Of The Trinity9485 Words   |  38 PagesUnion (412-396-6657) to discuss your particular need and make arrangements. Week 1:A THREEFOLD PATTERN â€Å"Trinity† Entry in A New Handbook of Christian Theology 1992 â€Å"Biblical Pressure and Trinitarian Hermeneutics† C. Kavin Rowe Pro Ecclesia Vol. XI, No. 3 â€Å"Theological Unitarianisms† H. Richard Niebuhr Christian Century 499-501 (3 pp.) 295-312 (17 pp.) 150-157 (7 pp.) Week 1:B THE BINITARIAN EARLY CHURCH â€Å"The Binitarian Shape of Early Christian Devotion and Ancient Jewish Monotheism†Read MoreSda Manual Essay101191 Words   |  405 Pages................................... Proper Method of Remitting Funds to the Conference/ Mission/Field ...................................................................... Preservation of Financial Documents ..................................... Books Should Be Audited ......................................................... Relations With Members Confidential ..................................... Interest Coordinator ....................................................................... A Church

Mandatory Minimum Sentences and Drug Policy Reform free essay sample

The use of mandatory minimums within our judicial system is not winning the war on drugs. This country needs drug law reforms to turn the tide on the war on drugs, and minimize their impact on our society. This comes from rehabilitation programs that are more effective and less costly for our government. Introduction Our country has gone to extremes to try and win the war on drugs. There is no evidence to show that they have made any real impact in ending or even lowering the use of drugs in this country. In1986 the federal government enacted mandatory minimum drug sentences. These laws force judges to comply with a minimum prison sentence based on the nature of the drug crime. By doing this, the federal government has tied the hands of our judges to use their judgment depending on the case. Their argument for this is it will deter people from committing drug crimes in the future. We will write a custom essay sample on Mandatory Minimum Sentences and Drug Policy Reform or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page My argument is that we are treating an addiction which needs both medical and psychological help to resolve, not longer prison sentences. Argument for Mandatory Minimums In 1986 mandatory minimums were enacted to put an end to the cocaine and crack epidemic that was going on in our nation’s inner cities. The focus was if they could apprehend the drug kingpins and lock them away for many years in prison, they would lose their realm of control of the drug world. The reality of the situation is that many gang leaders are in prison today, and have just as much control over the drug trade as they did when they were free men. Many say that the laws have inadvertently become a racial problem within this country. Laws on mandatory minimum sentences are much harsher on crack than cocaine. Since crack is predominantly used among African Americans within this country, they received much harsher punishments than cocaine users who are predominantly white. Argument against Mandatory Minimums We are not simply dealing with a bad behavior that is a scourge on society. We are dealing with extremely addictive drugs that a prison sentence will do almost no good in helping people kick their habits, and thus their old way of life. These people need medical and psychiatric help in order to rehabilitate them into the nine to five taxpaying Americans that our country wants them to be. Many drug dealers started out as users and began to sell the drug in order to pay for their own habit. Mandatory minimum prison sentences for people who are sadly destroying their lives to maintain their own personal habit are not going to be reformed in our nation’s prisons. Most of the people within our prison system are their because of non-violent drug crimes. They are not horrible people who are their because of rape, murder, armed robbery, etc†¦ People who argue in favor of mandatory minimum sentences for drug offenses say it is working by putting dealers behind bars. The fact is though that most of the people behind bars due to these laws are low level dealers. â€Å"In fiscal year 2005, 61. 5% of all federal crack cocaine defendants were low-level offenders such as mules or street dealers. Only 8. 4% were high-level dealers. † (Mandatory Minimums) Mandatory minimums only go by the weight of the substance that you were selling. It is clear by this data that the weights set in our current laws do not target high-level dealers as well as they were intended to. Rehabilitation Centers vs. Prison Rehabilitation of our country’s drug users not only has a higher success rate than that of our prisons, it is also more cost efficient. It is what you refer to as a win-win. The amount of people within our jail and prison systems is estimated to be above six million people. Approximately half of these inmates used drugs regularly the month prior to their apprehension. It is fair to say then that nearly half of our prison population is candidates for drug rehabilitation programs rather than prison systems. The average cost for incarcerating an individual for a year is $20,000. The average cost of treatment at a rehabilitation center is around $9,000. It currently costs our government around one billion dollars annually to incarcerate its prison population. By taking the half of the prison population that are habitual users and putting them in treatment centers, the government could save a quarter of a million dollars a year. Not only that, but the repeat offender rate for those that have gone through the treatment centers is only a fourth of that for prison sentences. Drug courts are a new movement going across our nation. A court system set up to deal with drug crimes only. Drug courts are set up to give first time offenders a second chance. Conditions of sentencing typically involve mandatory drug testing along with therapy. If first time offenders can successfully complete the treatment program in most cases their crime is removed from their criminal record. Since many first time offenders are juveniles or young adults, this allows them to receive federal aid through FAFSA. In turn it makes it easier for them to receive higher education services, which gives them a better chance at getting the skills they need for jobs. This in turn makes it more unlikely that they will revert to their old lifestyles of drug dealing now that they are treated for a drug addiction and have been given the tools they need to succeed. Drug courts are very strict though. If a participant in the program fails to attend a therapy meeting or has a positive return on a drug test, they are sent directly to jail. The program is only for those who want to change their lives. It is true that there are some people who do not want to change and they should be in jail if they do not want to reform to the laws of this country. The idea of drug reform in this country may be a daunting task, but it needs to be done. If we do nothing about the problem it will never go away, and as it has shown so far it will only get worse. The old ways of thinking are clearly not working. Something needs to be done about this problem. There is a reason why we have the highest incarceration rate of all industrialized nations. It is because half of our incarcerated citizens are non-violent drug offenders. If we can move towards treating an illness instead of punishing a crime, our country will be better off. Less people will be incarcerated and will be productive, moving our country towards a better tomorrow. Mandatory Minimum laws within this country need major reform due to the injustice that they create. While most of the injustice was done inadvertently, nonetheless it is still there. Our country has failed to take one step closer in winning the war on drugs. It is time for America to realize it has a drug addiction problem that cannot be fixed with lengthy prison sentences. Our country needs to change the mandatory minimum laws. Cocaine and crack need to be punishable equally. In this country it is estimated that there are four million people with addictions to either crack or cocaine. About half of the nation’s prison population is in there for non-violent drug offenses. With a prison population of one and a half million people, that’s three quarters of a million non-violent drug offenders not receiving the correct treatment. Cocaine use has continued to rise since the 1980’s while crack use has stayed steady. Marijuana is the most commonly used illicit drug in this country. It has had research to show that it is a gateway drug. Users of marijuana are more likely to try drugs like crack and cocaine. Studies show that most users of marijuana have tried the drug before their sophomore year in high school. Educational systems such as D. A. R. E. are already in place as good educational tools against drugs. Our society needs to be honest about the dangers of drugs. Many anti-drug commercials of the past could go as far as to say a hit of marijuana will make you kill your parents. Many commercials of today are starting to show more honesty. Instead of saying that buying pot is the same as putting money into the hands of terrorists, they are stating the truth that it does typically make you less active. This in turn usually leads to people not completing goals, and not completing any of their goals. Alcohol is the second most illegally used drug by minors. Education about the dangers of alcohol is equally important. Alcoholism is a major problem within this country, which typically has major effects on families. Alcoholism can lead to violent households. More teens die from drinking and driving than any other way of death. Alcohol like marijuana is considered a gateway drug. This is why it is so important that we attempt to stop irresponsible drinking behaviors. Essentially drug addicts are addicted to the feeling of euphoria that comes upon them when endorphins flood the brain with the use of the drug. Drug rehabilitation centers have found great success at treating people with addiction to crack and cocaine with anti-depressants. The National Institute of Drug Abuse is taking a different approach to the problem. They are developing a cocaine-vaccine that virtually eliminates all effects of the drug. This would ensure that even if an addict were to have a relapse, the drug would have no effect, and the incentive to do the drug is taken away. Dealers of crack and cocaine usually were crack and cocaine users first. These drugs are incredibly addictive. For users to support their habits many of them turn to dealing the drug. If our society can find a way to break the cycle of addiction there is hope that we can start to turn the tide on the war on drugs. Our government simply has to recognize that we are dealing with an addiction crisis, and not necessarily bad people who are the scourge of society. Drug courts are a new movement going across our nation. A court system set up to deal with drug crimes only. These courts are now operating or have plans to be operating in all fifty states. The first drug court was established in Dade County in 1981. Drug courts are set up to give first time offenders a second chance. Conditions of sentencing typically involve mandatory drug testing along with therapy. If first time offenders can successfully complete the treatment program in most cases their crime is removed from their criminal record. Since many first time offenders are juveniles or young adults, this allows them to receive federal aid through FAFSA. In turn it makes it easier for them to receive higher education services, which gives them a better chance at getting the skills they need for jobs. This in turn makes it more unlikely that they will revert to their old lifestyles of drug dealing now that they are treated for a drug addiction and have been given the tools they need to succeed. Drug courts are very strict though. If a participant in the program fails to attend a therapy meeting or has a positive return on a drug test, they are sent directly to jail. The program is only for those who want to change their lives. It is true that there are some people who do not want to change and they should be in jail if they do not want to reform to the laws of this country. Along with anti-depressants and revolutionary new research being done to address this nation’s addiction to drugs the twelve step process is the most used system for drug rehabilitation. The twelve step process forces the user to admit he or she is powerless over the drug and that a higher power can help them restore their sanity. This has its own constitutional conflictions with the separation of church and state. The twelve step process is only one option that can be taken towards drug rehabilitation though. It could be set up where defendants could choose a faith based rehabilitation program through the state or a non faith based rehabilitation program. There is no one strategy that works for every addict. Each case needs to be dealt with on a personal basis. They need to get to the bottom of why they want to use drugs. There is typically an underlying issue in a user’s life that causes them to search for an escape. The escape that ends many people in prison for lengthy sentences happens to come from crack and cocaine for too many people. Our rehabilitation centers need to work closely with the patients’ family whenever this is possible. Most drug users have families that are drug users as well. It is a perpetual cycle that continues to go on. It continues to go on because the underlying problems within the family are not addressed and they continue to turn to drugs in an attempt to escape the issues. Families are typically the best support system for a user trying to go clean. Without the help of the family or a family like atmosphere, users find it difficult to see a reason why they should quit. They need to see the impact that it makes on their loved ones to make it real to them. The ugliness needs to be shown in order for the user to see the full consequences of his or her actions. I am not proposing that we get rid of prison sentences for drug offenders by any means. We should only offer rehab to first time offenders who will be able to show whether they truly wish to change their lives for the better. If you have been through the program once and reverted back, then you have not proven to society that you are willing to be a productive law-biding citizen. Everyone deserves a second chance, but not necessarily a third or fourth. Rehabilitation of our country’s drug users not only has a higher success rate than that of our prisons, it is also more cost efficient. The amount of people within our jail and prison systems is estimated to be above six million people. Approximately half of these inmates used drugs regularly the month prior to their apprehension. It is fair to say then that nearly half of our prison population is candidates for drug rehabilitation programs rather than prison systems. The average cost for incarcerating an individual for a year is $20,000. The average cost of treatment at a rehabilitation center is around $9,000. It currently costs our government around one billion dollars annually to incarcerate its prison population. By taking the half of the prison population that are habitual users and putting them in treatment centers, the government could save a quarter of a billion dollars a year. Not only that but the repeat offender rate for those that have gone through the treatment centers is only a fourth of that for a prison sentence. Rehabilitation centers have a success rate of sixty to seventy five percent. When those figures are applied to the prison population that means that at the lowest success rate twenty five percent of our prison population would become productive members of society. While the repeat offender rate for rehabilitation centers is between forty and twenty five percent, prison are seventy five percent. With our current system over half a million of our non-violent offenders will be back in prison for the same crime, while with rehabilitation at worst it would be around three hundred thousand. The key to success with our rehabilitation centers is to provide long term assistance. It will be much better off for the nation as a whole to treat the triggers of addiction before it gets out of hand. Yes it is the addicts fault the he or she is addicted, but this does not mean that we should let society hurt on a principle of stubbornness. We should help our fellow man stay clean if he wants to be clean. With long term assistance programs for patients of rehabilitation programs, the success rate can reach as high as ninety five percent. I am not naive enough to think that this high of a number will work just as well for prisoners. Some prisoners simply do not want to break their addiction. If they do not want to change their lives, there is very little that rehab will do for a patient. Society has treated the drug problem within this country with extremely harsh punishments. We have been blind to see that we have been approaching the problem with the wrong strategy. Rehabilitation and education are the two strongest weapons in the war on drugs. If we change the lives of drug offenders, we will be able to exchange a large portion of our prison population into productive members of society. This would turn people who used to be a burden on taxpayers into taxpayers themselves. This would ultimately help the economy of America and the overall quality of life. The idea of drug reform in this country may be a daunting task, but it needs to be done. If we do nothing about the problem it will never go away, and as it has shown so far it will only get worse. The old ways of thinking are clearly not working. Something needs to be done about this problem. There is a reason why we have the highest incarceration rate of all industrialized nations. It is because half of our incarcerated citizens are non-violent drug offenders. If we can move towards treating an illness instead of punishing a crime, our country will be better off. Less people will be incarcerated citizens are non-violent drug offenders. If we can move towards treating an illness instead of punishing a crime, our country will be better off. Less people will be incarcerated and will be productive, moving our country towards a better tomorrow.